Performance evaluation of DSR Protocol under DoS attack

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) consists of mobile hosts equipped with wireless communication devices. A Mobile Ad hoc Network is a self-organizing, infrastructure less, multi-hop network. The transmission of a mobile host is received by all hosts within its transmission range due to the broadcast nature of wireless communication and unidirectional antenna. If two wireless hosts are out of their transmission ranges in the ad hoc networks, other mobile hosts located between them can forward their message, which effectively builds connected networks among the mobile hosts in the deployed area. One main challenge in design of these networks is their vulnerable nature to security attack. These attacks can be deployed by insider or outsider attacker. Sometime, the node from network can be attacker. This is happen because of mobility of nodes and changing network topology. There are different kind of attacks available in literature and can be implemented on MANET. One of these attacks is Grey Hole attack that has dangerous effect on Mobile Ad-Hoc Network. In this paper, we study the effect of Grey Hole attack on Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network. Keywords—Ad-Hoc Networks, Grey Hole attack, DSR, CBR Traffic I-INTRODUCTION In recent years, the explosive growth of mobile computing devices, which mainly include laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs) and handheld digital devices, has impelled a revolutionary change in the computing world: computing will not merely rely on the capability provided by the personal computers, and the concept of ubiquitous computing emerges and becomes one of the research hotspots in the computer science society [1]. The nature of the ubiquitous computing has made it necessary to adopt wireless network as the interconnection method: it is not possible for the ubiquitous devices to get wired network link whenever and wherever they need to connect with other ubiquitous devices. The Mobile Ad Hoc Network is one of the wireless networks that have attracted most concentrations from many researchers. A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a system of wireless mobile nodes that dynamically self-organize in arbitrary and temporary network topologies. People and vehicles can thus be internetworked in areas without a preexisting communication infrastructure or when the use of such infrastructure requires wireless extension [2]. Because of this features, the mobile ad hoc networks are more prone to suffer from the malicious behaviors than the traditional wired networks. Therefore, we need to pay more attention to the security issues in the mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, Aim is to evaluate the performance of dynamic source routing protocol under DoS attack. In section 2, we explore DSR protocol. Section 3 define and explain DoS attack. Section 4 say problem statement and analyze the performance of DSR through simulation result. Section 5 concludes the paper. Section 6 specifies the future work. II-DSR PROTOCOL OPERATION There are two categories of routing protocol in Ad-Hoc network, Reactive and Proactive.[3] Protocols can be proactive which means that nodes periodically registers changes in the topology and updates routing information. The routes are stored and maintained in routing tables. Proactive protocols have the advantage that there is little latency since routes are already available, but the disadvantage is that they require nodes to periodically update routing tables. The other approach is reactive protocols. Routes are discovered on demand, when data need to be transmitted to the IJECSE,Volume1,Number 2 Trupti Patel et al. ISSN-2277-1956/V1N2-239-242 node. Advantage of on demand routing is that it saves bandwidth by reducing routing overhead. Disadvantage is the latency at the beginning of transmission to nodes when no route, have yet been discovered. Dynamic Source Routing (DSR)[3] is specifically designed for use in multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks. The protocol does not require any existing infrastructure or administration and is completely self-organizing and self configuring. DSR is source routing protocol, which means the entire route is known before transmission is begun. DSR stores discovered routes in Route Cache. The protocol basically consists of the two mechanisms: Route Discovery Route Maintenance A-Route Discovery When source node sends a packet to the destination node, it first searches its route cache for suitable route to destination. If no route from source to destination exists in source’s route cache, Source initiates Route Discovery and sends out a ROUTE REQUEST message to find the route. The source node is referred to as initiator and destination node as the target. When a node receives a ROUTE REQUEST message it examines the target ID to determine if it is the target of message. If not, then nodes own id is appended to the address list and the RReq is broadcasted. If the node is the target it returns a ROUTE REPLY message to the initiator. This ROUTE REPLY message includes the accumulated route from the ROUTE REQUEST message. B-Route Maintenance Since nodes move in and out of transmission range of other nodes and thereby creates and breaks routes, it is necessary to maintain the routes that are stored in the route cache. When a node receives a packet it is responsible for confirming that the packet reaches the next node on the route. Figure illustrates the mechanism work like a chain where each link has to make sure that the link in front of it not broken. III-DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACK GREY HOLE A DoS attack is distributed in nature, large scale attempt by malicious users to disrupt connection between two machines, thereby preventing access to a service or to disrupt service to a specific system.[4] This exhausts the victim network of resources such as bandwidth, battery, computing power, etc. The victims are unable to provide services to its legitimate clients and network performance is greatly deteriorated. One of the most important attacks of DoS category is grey hole attack. We need to find the effect of this attack on DSR. In this case, the attacker introduce itself as co-operating node, it participate in route request and route reply mechanism, it make sure that it will be available on the path. After the route discovery mechanism, when source node transmit data packet at that time malicious user just drop all the data packet. In other words, such attacker does not allow that all of packets arrive at real destination [4]. IV-PROBLEM STATEMENT In DSR, Route Request and Route Reply messages are used for finding the path between source and destination. Source initiates Route Discovery and sends out a ROUTE REQUEST message to find the route. When a node receives a ROUTE REQUEST message it examines the target ID to determine if it is the target of message. If the node is the target it returns a ROUTE REPLY message to the initiator. This ROUTE REPLY message includes the accumulated route from the ROUTE REQUEST message. In Grey Hole Attack, Attacker participates in route discovery procedure and it will make sure that it will be available on the path. In this kind of attack, attackers do not drop the entire packet but only drop certain kind of packet such as data packet. With this half dropping the attacker tries to hide the attack by not denying all the network service. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of DSR protocol under grey hole attack. We have used NS-2 simulator with following parameters.